Hubungan antara Mental Toughness dengan Competitive Anxiety Pada Atlet Disabilitas
Keywords:
atlet disabilitas, mental toughness, competitive anxiety
Abstract
Atlet disabilitas memiliki kesempatan yang sama untuk mengembangkan potensi yang dimiliki dan berprestasi pada bidang olahraga. Competitive anxiety pada Atlet disabilitas dapat mempengaruhi performa dalam bertanding sehingga diperlukan mental toughness yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan antara mental toughness dengan competitive anxiety pada atlet disabilitas. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif korelasional. Teknik pengambilan sampel penelitian menggunakan sampling jenuh. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 69 orang atlet disabilitas NPCI (National Paralympic Committee Indonesia) Jawa Timur. Untuk memperoleh data, digunakan skala mental toughness yang diadaptasi dari Gucciardi et al. (2009) yang terdiri dari 24 item dan skala competitive anxiety yang disusun berdasarkan CSAI-2R dari Martinent et al. (2010) yang terdiri dari 16 item. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji regresi linier dan korelasi product moment dengan bantuan JASP 16.0 for windows. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan negatif antara mental toughness dengan competitive anxiety secara signifikan dengan p value 0,018 (p<0,05) dan r value -0,284 (rhitung > 0.267). Sehingga semakin tinggi mental toughness yang dimiliki atlet disabilitas dalam menghadapi pertandingan maka semaki rendah tingkat competitive anxiety yang dialami.
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References
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Blumenstein, B., & Orbach, I. (2015). Psychological preparation for paralympic athletes: A preliminary study. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 32(3), 241–255. https://doi.org/10.1123/APAQ.2014-0235
Budianto, A. K., & Jannah, M. (2020). Mental toughness legenda atlet karate juara dunia. Character: Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi., 7(2), 89–101. https://jurnalmahasiswa.unesa.ac.id/index.php/character/article/view/34122
Cox, R. H. (2007). Sport psychology: Concepts and applications (5th ed.). Mcgraw-Hill College.
Cox, R. H., Martens, M. P., & Russell, W. D. (2003). Measuring anxiety in athletics: The revised competitive state anxiety inventory-2. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 25(4), 519–533. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.25.4.519
Crust, L., & Clough, P. J. (2011). Developing mental toughness: From research to practice. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 2(1), 21–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/21520704.2011.563436
Darisman, E. K., Ismawandi, B. P., & Sriningsih, W. D. (2020). Hubungan antara mental toughness dan competitive anxiety atlet UKM softball Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya factor between mental toughness and competitive anxiety athletes UKM Softball Adi Buana PGRI University Surabaya. Jurnal Ilmiah Adiraga: Jurnal Penelitian Olahraga, 6(2), 10–24. https://doi.org/10.36456/adiraga.vol6.no2.a2791
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Herani, I. (2018). Mental toughness dengan peak performance pada atlet renang. INTERAKTIF: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 10(2), 11–40. https://interaktif.ub.ac.id/index.php/interaktif/article/view/187/170
Ikhram, A., Jufri, M., & Ridfah, A. (2020). Mental toughness dan competitive anxiety pada atlet karate UNM. Jurnal Psikologi Perseptual, 5(2), 100. https://doi.org/10.24176/perseptual.v5i2.5206
Jannah, M. (2018). Metodologi penelitian kuantitatif untuk psikologi. Unesa University Press.
Jannah, M. (2019). Kecemasan olahraga: Teori, pengukuran, dan latihan mental. Unesa University Press.
Jones, M. I., & Parker, J. K. (2018). Mindfulness mediates the relationship between mental toughness and pain catastrophizing in cyclists. European Journal of Sport Science, 0(0), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2018.1478450
Kamarudin. (2020). Survei Tingkat anxiety ( kecemasan bertanding ) atlet sepak takraw SMA Negeri Olahraga Tadulako. Jurnal Kreatif Online, 8(3), 160–166. http://jurnal.untad.ac.id/jurnal/index.php/JKTO/article/view/16647/12023
Karageorghis, C. I., & Terry, P. C. (2011). Inside sport psychology. Human Kinetics. Human Kinetics. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781492595564
Kliwon, K., & Sarwanto, A. (2019). Pengaruh aktivasi regulasi emosi terhadap prestasi olahraga atlet disabilitas NPC Kota Surakarta. Interest : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 8(2), 177–183. https://doi.org/10.37341/interest.v8i2.173
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Liew, G. C., Kuan, G., Chin, N. S., & Hashim, H. A. (2019). Mental toughness in sport: Systematic review and future. German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research, 49(4), 381–394. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-019-00603-3
Madigan, D. J., & Nicholls, A. R. (2017). Mental toughness and burnout in junior athletes: A longitudinal investigation. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 32, 138–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.07.002
Martinent, G., Ferrand, C., Guillet, E., & Gautheur, S. (2010). Validation of the French version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 Revised (CSAI-2R) including frequency and direction scales. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 11(1), 51–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2009.05.001
Masrun. (2016). Pengaruh mental toughness dan motivasi berprestasi terhadap prestasi olahraga atlet PPLP Sumbar. Jurnal Performa Olahraga, 1(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.24036/jpo72019
Maulana, Z., & Khairani, M. (2017). Pebedaan kecemasan bertanding pada atlet PON Aceh ditinjau dari jenis aktivitas olahraga. Jipt, 05(01), 97–106. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22219/jipt.v5i1.3814
Nissa, E. C., & Soenyoto, T. (2021). Hubungan ketangguhan mental dengan kecemasan bertanding pada atlet beladiri PPLP Jawa Tengah. Indonesian Journal for Psysical Education and Sport, 2(1), 267–277. https://doi.org/10.15294/inapes.v2i1.44598
Nurhuda, K., & Jannah, M. (2018). Pengaruh meditasi mindfulness terhadap mental toughness pada atlet lari 400 M. Character: Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi., 5(3). https://jurnal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/character/article/view/26185/23974
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Pradnyaswari, A. A. A., & Budisetyani, I. G. P. W. (2018). Hubungan kecerdasan emosional dengan kecemasan bertanding pada atlet softball remaja putri di Bali. Jurnal Psikologi Udayana, 5(01), 218. https://doi.org/10.24843/jpu.2018.v05.i01.p20
Pratiwi, R., & Lutfi, I. (2019). Ketangguhan mental siswa SMA Negeri Atlet Ragunan Jakarta. TAZKIYA: Journal of Psychology, 2(2), 249–264. https://doi.org/10.15408/tazkiya.v2i2.10774
Purborini, U., & Nrh, F. (2016). Kecemasan bertanding ditinjau dari persepsi terhadap gaya kepemimpinan pelatih: Studi pada atlet pencak silat se-Kota Semarang. Empati, 5(1), 91–95. https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/empati/article/view/14992/14491
Purna, S. K., Kardiyanto, D. W., & Angga, P. D. (2020). Kerangka pembinaan olahraga disabilitas. Zifatama Jawara.
Raynadi, F. B., Rachmah, D. N., & Akbar, S. N. (2016). Hubungan ketangguhan mental dengan kecemasan bertanding pada atlet pencak silat di banjarbaru relationship between mental toughness and competitive anxiety in pencak silat athletes in banjarbaru. Jurnal Ecopsy, 3, 149–154.
Retnoningsasy, E., & Jannah, M. (2020). Hubungan antara mental toughness dengan kecemasan olahraga pada atlet badminton. Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, UNESA, 7(3), 8–15.
Schaefer, J., Vella, S. A., Allen, M. S., & Magee, C. A. (2016). Competition anxiety, motivation, and mental toughness in golf. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 28(3), 309–320. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2016.1162219
Setiabudi, M. A., & Santoso, D. A. (2020). Tingkat kecemasan (anxiety) dalam olahraga berbasis perbedaan etnis (Suku Osing, Jawa, dan Madura). Altius : Jurnal Ilmu Olahraga Dan Kesehatan, 9(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.36706/altius.v9i1.10387
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Soselisa, R. A. (2021). Program kerja NPCI Provinsi Jawa Timur menuju pekan paralimpik nasional XVI tahun 2021 di Provinsi Papua.
Syah, M. V. A., & Jannah, M. (2021). Perbedaan ketangguhan mental ditinjau dari status atlet individu dan beregu pada siswa SMA X. Character: Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi, 8(8). https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/character/article/view/41691
Van Biesen, D., Marin‐Urquiza, A., McCulloch, K., & Van Damme, T. (2020). Comparison of Sport Competitive Anxiety Levels of Flemish athletes with and without intellectual disability. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 34(2), 516–524. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12816
Wijayanti, D. G. S., Soegiyanto, & Nasuka. (2016). Pembinaan olahraga untuk penyandang disabilitas di National Paralympic Committee Salatiga. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 5(1), 17–23. http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/jpes
Wu, C. H., Nien, J. T., Lin, C. Y., Nien, Y. H., Kuan, G., Wu, T. Y., Ren, F. F., & Chang, Y. K. (2021). Relationship between mindfulness, psychological skills and mental toughness in college athletes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136802
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Bacanac, L., Milićević-Marinković, B., Kasum, G., & Marinković, M. (2014). Competitive anxiety, self-confidence and psychological skills in top athletes with and without disabilities: a Pilot study.. Facta Universitatis: Series Physical Education & Sport, 12(2), 59–70. http://ezproxy.library.yorku.ca/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sph&AN=99765182&site=ehost-live
Bauman, N. J. (2016). The stigma of mental health in athletes: Are mental toughness and mental health seen as contradictory in elite sport. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(3), 135–136. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-095570
Blumenstein, B., & Orbach, I. (2015). Psychological preparation for paralympic athletes: A preliminary study. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 32(3), 241–255. https://doi.org/10.1123/APAQ.2014-0235
Budianto, A. K., & Jannah, M. (2020). Mental toughness legenda atlet karate juara dunia. Character: Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi., 7(2), 89–101. https://jurnalmahasiswa.unesa.ac.id/index.php/character/article/view/34122
Cox, R. H. (2007). Sport psychology: Concepts and applications (5th ed.). Mcgraw-Hill College.
Cox, R. H., Martens, M. P., & Russell, W. D. (2003). Measuring anxiety in athletics: The revised competitive state anxiety inventory-2. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 25(4), 519–533. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.25.4.519
Crust, L., & Clough, P. J. (2011). Developing mental toughness: From research to practice. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 2(1), 21–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/21520704.2011.563436
Darisman, E. K., Ismawandi, B. P., & Sriningsih, W. D. (2020). Hubungan antara mental toughness dan competitive anxiety atlet UKM softball Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya factor between mental toughness and competitive anxiety athletes UKM Softball Adi Buana PGRI University Surabaya. Jurnal Ilmiah Adiraga: Jurnal Penelitian Olahraga, 6(2), 10–24. https://doi.org/10.36456/adiraga.vol6.no2.a2791
Fagher, K., Forsberg, A., Jacobsson, J., Timpka, T., Dahlström, Ö., & Lexell, J. (2016). Paralympic athletes’ perceptions of their experiences of sports-related injuries, risk factors and preventive possibilities. European Journal of Sport Science, 16(8), 1240–1249. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2016.1192689
Giandra, S. N., & Setyawan, I. (2015). Hubungan antara efektivitas komunikasi interpersonal pelatih dengan ketangguhan mental atlet. Jurnal EMPATI, 3(4). https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/empati/article/view/7617
Gucciardi, D. F., & Gordon, S. (2011). Mental toughness in sport: Developments in theory and research. Routledge Research in Sport and Exercise Scienc. https://www.pdfdrive.com/mental-toughness-in-sport-developments-in-theory-and-research-d184526273.html
Gucciardi, D. F., Gordon, S., & Dimmock, J. A. (2009). Development and preliminary validation of a mental toughness inventory for Australian football. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10(1), 201–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2008.07.011
Gucciardi, D. F., Hanton, S., & Fleming, S. (2017). Are mental toughness and mental health contradictory concepts in elite sport? A narrative review of theory and evidence. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 20(3), 307–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2016.08.006
Hardiansyah, Y., & Masturah, A. N. (2019). Ketangguhan mental atlet basket SMA yang mengikuti detection basketball league. Jurnal INTUISI, 11(3), 238–244. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15294/intuisi.v11i3.18118
Hasanah, U., & Refanthira, N. (2020). Human Problems: Competitive Anxiety in Sport Performer and Various Treatments to Reduce It. 395(Acpch 2019), 144–148. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200120.031
Hayat, A. (2017). Kecemasan dan Metode Pengendaliannya. Khazanah: Jurnal Studi Islam Dan Humaniora, 12(1), 52–63. https://doi.org/10.18592/khazanah.v12i1.301
Herani, I. (2018). Mental toughness dengan peak performance pada atlet renang. INTERAKTIF: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 10(2), 11–40. https://interaktif.ub.ac.id/index.php/interaktif/article/view/187/170
Ikhram, A., Jufri, M., & Ridfah, A. (2020). Mental toughness dan competitive anxiety pada atlet karate UNM. Jurnal Psikologi Perseptual, 5(2), 100. https://doi.org/10.24176/perseptual.v5i2.5206
Jannah, M. (2018). Metodologi penelitian kuantitatif untuk psikologi. Unesa University Press.
Jannah, M. (2019). Kecemasan olahraga: Teori, pengukuran, dan latihan mental. Unesa University Press.
Jones, M. I., & Parker, J. K. (2018). Mindfulness mediates the relationship between mental toughness and pain catastrophizing in cyclists. European Journal of Sport Science, 0(0), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2018.1478450
Kamarudin. (2020). Survei Tingkat anxiety ( kecemasan bertanding ) atlet sepak takraw SMA Negeri Olahraga Tadulako. Jurnal Kreatif Online, 8(3), 160–166. http://jurnal.untad.ac.id/jurnal/index.php/JKTO/article/view/16647/12023
Karageorghis, C. I., & Terry, P. C. (2011). Inside sport psychology. Human Kinetics. Human Kinetics. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781492595564
Kliwon, K., & Sarwanto, A. (2019). Pengaruh aktivasi regulasi emosi terhadap prestasi olahraga atlet disabilitas NPC Kota Surakarta. Interest : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 8(2), 177–183. https://doi.org/10.37341/interest.v8i2.173
Kurnia, R. M., & Apsari, N. C. (2020). Peran pekerja sosial sebagai konselor terhadap atlet penyandang disabilitas dalam meningkatkan motivasi untuk meraih prestasi. Jurnal Pengabdian Dan Penelitian Kepada Masyarakat. http://jurnal.unpad.ac.id/jppm/article/view/30952/14377
Liew, G. C., Kuan, G., Chin, N. S., & Hashim, H. A. (2019). Mental toughness in sport: Systematic review and future. German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research, 49(4), 381–394. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-019-00603-3
Madigan, D. J., & Nicholls, A. R. (2017). Mental toughness and burnout in junior athletes: A longitudinal investigation. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 32, 138–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.07.002
Martinent, G., Ferrand, C., Guillet, E., & Gautheur, S. (2010). Validation of the French version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 Revised (CSAI-2R) including frequency and direction scales. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 11(1), 51–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2009.05.001
Masrun. (2016). Pengaruh mental toughness dan motivasi berprestasi terhadap prestasi olahraga atlet PPLP Sumbar. Jurnal Performa Olahraga, 1(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.24036/jpo72019
Maulana, Z., & Khairani, M. (2017). Pebedaan kecemasan bertanding pada atlet PON Aceh ditinjau dari jenis aktivitas olahraga. Jipt, 05(01), 97–106. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22219/jipt.v5i1.3814
Nissa, E. C., & Soenyoto, T. (2021). Hubungan ketangguhan mental dengan kecemasan bertanding pada atlet beladiri PPLP Jawa Tengah. Indonesian Journal for Psysical Education and Sport, 2(1), 267–277. https://doi.org/10.15294/inapes.v2i1.44598
Nurhuda, K., & Jannah, M. (2018). Pengaruh meditasi mindfulness terhadap mental toughness pada atlet lari 400 M. Character: Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi., 5(3). https://jurnal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/character/article/view/26185/23974
Powell, A. J., & Myers, T. D. (2017). Developing mental toughness: Lessons from Paralympians. Frontiers in Psychology, 8(AUG), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01270
Pradnyaswari, A. A. A., & Budisetyani, I. G. P. W. (2018). Hubungan kecerdasan emosional dengan kecemasan bertanding pada atlet softball remaja putri di Bali. Jurnal Psikologi Udayana, 5(01), 218. https://doi.org/10.24843/jpu.2018.v05.i01.p20
Pratiwi, R., & Lutfi, I. (2019). Ketangguhan mental siswa SMA Negeri Atlet Ragunan Jakarta. TAZKIYA: Journal of Psychology, 2(2), 249–264. https://doi.org/10.15408/tazkiya.v2i2.10774
Purborini, U., & Nrh, F. (2016). Kecemasan bertanding ditinjau dari persepsi terhadap gaya kepemimpinan pelatih: Studi pada atlet pencak silat se-Kota Semarang. Empati, 5(1), 91–95. https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/empati/article/view/14992/14491
Purna, S. K., Kardiyanto, D. W., & Angga, P. D. (2020). Kerangka pembinaan olahraga disabilitas. Zifatama Jawara.
Raynadi, F. B., Rachmah, D. N., & Akbar, S. N. (2016). Hubungan ketangguhan mental dengan kecemasan bertanding pada atlet pencak silat di banjarbaru relationship between mental toughness and competitive anxiety in pencak silat athletes in banjarbaru. Jurnal Ecopsy, 3, 149–154.
Retnoningsasy, E., & Jannah, M. (2020). Hubungan antara mental toughness dengan kecemasan olahraga pada atlet badminton. Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, UNESA, 7(3), 8–15.
Schaefer, J., Vella, S. A., Allen, M. S., & Magee, C. A. (2016). Competition anxiety, motivation, and mental toughness in golf. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 28(3), 309–320. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2016.1162219
Setiabudi, M. A., & Santoso, D. A. (2020). Tingkat kecemasan (anxiety) dalam olahraga berbasis perbedaan etnis (Suku Osing, Jawa, dan Madura). Altius : Jurnal Ilmu Olahraga Dan Kesehatan, 9(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.36706/altius.v9i1.10387
Sholichah, I. F. (2020). Motivasi berprestasi dan ketangguhan mental atlet. PSIKOSAINS (Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pemikiran Psikologi), 15(1), 91–99. https://doi.org/10.30587/psikosains.v15i1.2004
Soselisa, R. A. (2021). Program kerja NPCI Provinsi Jawa Timur menuju pekan paralimpik nasional XVI tahun 2021 di Provinsi Papua.
Syah, M. V. A., & Jannah, M. (2021). Perbedaan ketangguhan mental ditinjau dari status atlet individu dan beregu pada siswa SMA X. Character: Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi, 8(8). https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/character/article/view/41691
Van Biesen, D., Marin‐Urquiza, A., McCulloch, K., & Van Damme, T. (2020). Comparison of Sport Competitive Anxiety Levels of Flemish athletes with and without intellectual disability. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 34(2), 516–524. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12816
Wijayanti, D. G. S., Soegiyanto, & Nasuka. (2016). Pembinaan olahraga untuk penyandang disabilitas di National Paralympic Committee Salatiga. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 5(1), 17–23. http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/jpes
Wu, C. H., Nien, J. T., Lin, C. Y., Nien, Y. H., Kuan, G., Wu, T. Y., Ren, F. F., & Chang, Y. K. (2021). Relationship between mindfulness, psychological skills and mental toughness in college athletes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136802
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Published
2022-06-12
How to Cite
Magfiroh, M., & Jannah, M. (2022). Hubungan antara Mental Toughness dengan Competitive Anxiety Pada Atlet Disabilitas. Jurnal Patriot, 4(2), 123-138. https://doi.org/10.24036/patriot.v4i2.848
Section
Articles
