The effects of tire-based resistance training on throwing technique performance in adolescent male pencak silat athletes: a pretest-posttest experimental study
Abstract
Background: Throwing techniques are among the most decisive offensive skills in competitive Pencak Silat because they require efficient coordination of force production and rapid movement execution. Previous studies have primarily investigated the effects of resistance training on kicking performance, while evidence regarding the application of tire-based resistance training to improve throwing technique performance remains limited. This study was conducted to address this gap by evaluating the association between tire-based resistance training and throwing technique performance in adolescent male Pencak Silat athletes. Purpose: This study aimed to examine changes in throwing technique performance, measured by execution time, following participation in a four-week tire-based resistance training program among adolescent male Pencak Silat athletes. Methods: A quantitative experimental study employing a one group pretest posttest design was conducted with 20 adolescent male athletes selected from Perguruan Pencak Silat Rundayan Merak Emas using saturated sampling procedures. Participants completed a four-week tire-based resistance training program performed three times per week in addition to their regular training activities. Throwing technique performance was assessed before and after the intervention using a standardized performance test, with execution time recorded in seconds using a digital stopwatch. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Kolmogorov Smirnov normality test, Levene's homogeneity test, paired samples t test, and Cohen's d effect size. Results: The mean execution time improved from 6.87 ± 0.49 seconds at pretest to 3.62 ± 0.61 seconds at posttest, representing an average reduction of approximately 3.25 seconds. Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant difference between the two measurements (t (19) = 3.833, p = 0.001). The calculated Cohen's d of 0.86 indicated a large practical effect, suggesting that the observed improvement was not only statistically significant but also meaningful within the context of competitive throwing performance. Conclusion: Participation in the tire-based resistance training program was associated with improved throwing technique performance among adolescent male Pencak Silat athletes. Although the findings provide preliminary support for the application of tire-based resistance training as a practical conditioning strategy, they should be interpreted cautiously because the one group pretest posttest design does not permit definitive causal conclusions. Further controlled studies involving larger and more diverse athlete populations are recommended to confirm and extend these findings.
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