http://patriot.ppj.unp.ac.id/index.php/patriot <p>The Patriot Journal is a publication featuring scholarly articles in the fields of coaching science, sports management, philosophy, pedagogy, physiology, biomechanics, sports psychology, and sports sociology. It is issued biannually in January-June and July-December. The journal comprises manuscripts presenting research findings, conceptual ideas, theoretical reviews, or applications of science and technology in sports coaching.</p> Department of Coaching, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia en-US Jurnal Patriot 2655-4984 http://patriot.ppj.unp.ac.id/index.php/patriot/article/view/1006 <p><strong>Problem:</strong> The problem in this study is that there is no new smash instrument in table tennis. <strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this research is to develop smash instrument in table tennis. <strong>Methods: </strong>This research method is Research and Development (R&amp;D). The population and sample in this study were 20 PTM Pasir Pengaraian table tennis athletes. The data collection methods in this study included questionnaires and measurement tests. Questionnaires were distributed to material and media experts to assess the feasibility of the table tennis smash test instrument. The tests were conducted to determine the validity and reliability of the smash test instrument. Reliability was assessed by correlating the results of the first smash test with those of the second, while validity was established by correlating the results of the first smash test with the criterion test. The criterion test involved field judges' evaluations using a smash assessment matrix. Data analysis was performed using the product-moment correlation formula. <strong>Results:</strong> The results of the study were obtained from material experts 82% and 85% (appropriate), media experts 88% and 86% (decent). Validity 0.89 and reliability 0.84, indicating valid and reliable based on the Kirkendall category. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study successfully developed a new smash test instrument for table tennis, which was deemed appropriate and feasible by experts. The instrument demonstrated high validity (0.89) and reliability (0.84), making it suitable for assessing smash performance.</p> Suhermon Suhermon ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2024-11-17 2024-11-17 6 4 134 139 10.24036/patriot.v6i4.1006 http://patriot.ppj.unp.ac.id/index.php/patriot/article/view/1120 <p><strong>Problem:</strong> Sleep disturbances are common and impact health, yet the most effective exercise modalities for improving sleep quality remain unclear. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of aerobic and resistance training in enhancing sleep quality and related health outcomes. <strong>Purpose:</strong> The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of various exercise modalities, including aerobic and resistance training, in improving sleep quality and related health indices, and to determine the most helpful techniques for managing sleep disruptions in old. <strong>Methods:</strong> This study utilized a systematic literature review approach, gathering and analyzing scientific articles on the effects of exercise on athlete immune function. Articles were sourced from Scopus using search terms such as "aerobic exercise" OR "aerobic training" OR "cardiovascular exercise" OR "endurance exercise" AND "sleep quality" OR "sleep disturbance" OR "sleep improvement" OR "sleep duration" OR "sleep patterns" OR "insomnia" AND "elderly" OR "older adults" OR "aging population" OR "senior citizens" OR "aged" AND "effect" OR "impact" OR "outcome" OR "influence" with a focus on studies published within the past five years that evaluate exercise interventions on immune enhancement in athletes. After collecting relevant articles, descriptive analysis was conducted to identify consistent patterns and findings. <strong>Results:</strong> Aerobic exercise was consistently the most effective intervention for improving overall sleep quality, including sleep efficiency, duration, and deep sleep, along with cognitive function and inflammation markers. Resistance and combined training also demonstrated significant benefits, with resistance training enhancing sleep onset latency and duration. These findings highlight exercise as a versatile, non-pharmacological approach to improving sleep health in diverse populations. Aerobic exercise was consistently the most effective intervention for improving overall sleep quality, including sleep efficiency, duration, and deep sleep, along with cognitive function and inflammation markers. Resistance and combined training also demonstrated significant benefits, with resistance training enhancing sleep onset latency and duration. These findings highlight exercise as a versatile, non-pharmacological approach to improving sleep health in diverse populations. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>This systematic study suggests that aerobic exercise improves sleep quality in older persons. Sleep disturbances decreased and sleep efficiency, total sleep time, and sleep start latency improved in multiple studies.</p> Dally Rahman ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2024-11-17 2024-11-17 6 4 140 147 10.24036/patriot.v6i4.1120